204 - Removing Miscellaneous Structures and Materials
GENERAL
Definitions of Terms
Abandon: Abandon refers to leaving an existing facility in place and making it unusable. This often involves breaking it down to a safe depth below the final road surface, placing flowable fill grout or low-density cellular concrete, and bulkheading existing pipes.
Culvert: A culvert is a structure with a clear span less than 20 feet used to channel water under a road, railway, or embankment.
Curb and Gutter: Curb and gutter is the channel along the edge of a roadway used to direct storm water from the roadway to the collection system.
Guardrail: Guardrail is a roadside or median barrier comprised of steel beam elements that is intended to capture and redirect errant vehicles from striking fixed objects and/or entering areas of concern.
Pavement: Pavement is the hard surface a roadway is made of.
Sewer: A sewer is a pipe or conduit used to carry storm water and/or wastewater from roadways, homes, businesses, and industrial facilities.
Structure: Structure is a broad term used to describe storm sewer facilities, culvert headwalls, large culverts, bridges, and retaining walls
General Overview
Removing miscellaneous structures and materials can involve complete removal or abandonment. Typically, existing infrastructure is removed then either new infrastructure is built in the same location or the area is abandoned and backfilled. In some cases, existing functional infrastructure might be extended to fit the new design.
MATERIALS
All materials must meet acceptance requirements in the Materials Source Guide and be listed on the Contractor-provided Material Source Lists in the project files.
Description of Materials
Sound Earth
Sound earth typically refers to soil that is stable and is placed outside the influence of the subgrade surface. Sound earth is free from excessive moisture, organic matter, and other contaminants that could compromise its stability or load-bearing capacity. Refer to Section 205 of the Standard Specifications for Construction for material requirements.
Granular Material (Class III)
Granular backfill, often comprised of sand, is used to fill the space after existing features are removed. Refer to Section 902 of the Standard Specifications for Construction for material requirements.
Pictures of Materials
EQUIPMENT
The following equipment can be used:
- Cold milling machine
- Excavator
- Excavator with plate compactor attachment (Ho-Pac)
- Excavator with breaker attachment
- Hydraulic shear
- Guillotine breaker
- Front end loader
- Dump truck
- Bulldozer
- Crane
- Cutoff saw
- Jack hammer
- Plate or jumping jack compactor
Pictures of Equipment
PRECONSRTUCTION
- Review the plans to verify the location of the work.
- Verify items called out be removed, and whether they will be completely or partially removed.
- Often, only portions of bridges or larger culverts are removed.
- Verify items called out be removed, and whether they will be completely or partially removed.
- Verify MISS DIG has flagged existing private or MDOT utilities.
- Verify a surveyor has provided stakes for the work.
- Review all pertinent environmental restrictions. This will be included within the project plans, special provisions, and/or permits.
- These could pertain to endangered or migratory animal species, or to prevent spread of disease between plants and hazardous materials such as asbestos.
- Review the plans and the Special Provision for Maintenance of Traffic. There may be restrictions or staging requirements. Installation restrictions are typically associated with staging requirements on a project and access to side streets and driveways.
- Review the plans and proposal for the following special provisions:
- Vibratory exclusion areas.
- Vibration monitoring.
- Demolition plan requirements.
- Asbestos removal.
- Verify all materials are approved for use and meet specifications, and verify stockpiled materials are protected from weather and sunlight as required by the specifications and manufacturer recommendations.
- Obtain photographs of material tickets, storage method, and location.
- Hold an onsite meeting with the Contractor to discuss:
- The construction methods that will be used to complete the work.
- Methods or operations that will be used if existing facilities must be maintained during the work.
- Required traffic control measures, proximity of traffic to the work area, and maintaining driveways during construction.
- Identification of right-of-way and/or grading easements required to complete the work.
- Review of existing features, such as sprinklers, signing, or landscaping in the vicinity of the work, and what methods will be used to protect them.
- Coordination and permit requirements for work on or near a railroad.
- Communication required if impacting residents or businesses during installation.
- Residents and businesses should be contacted if there will be disruptions to services. Coordination by the Contractor with impacted users may be required if disruption is necessary.
- Review of local ordinances.
- Disposal of excavated material and material stockpile locations. The Contractor should provide authorization letters to the Engineer noting material stockpile and disposal locations.
- Soil erosion and sedimentation control measures that will be utilized to minimize soil erosion and subsequent sedimentation.
- Environmental restrictions associated with the project site.
- Methods for securing the site during work operations and at the end of each workday
CONSTRUCTION
Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavements and Driveways
For removal of HMA pavements and driveways:
If the HMA surface removed is 5 inches (130 mm) or less in thickness, the surface is considered part of the underlying material and is included in the quantities of the underlying material measured for removal.
If the HMA surface removed is over 5 inches (130 mm) in thickness and overlying a material such as concrete, masonry, aggregate or earth that is also removed, it will be measured and paid for as Pavement, Remove.
The removal of a HMA surface 12 inches (300 mm) or less in thickness overlying a material to remain in place will be measured and paid for as HMA Surface, Remove. See subsection 502.03 of the Standard Specifications.
The removal of HMA surface greater than 12 inches (300 mm) in thickness overlying a material to remain in place will be measured and paid for as Pavement, Remove.
Structures
All structures and attached parts and connections shown on the plans to be removed will be entirely removed.
Structures requiring removal, but not shown on the plans to be removed, will be entirely removed or broken down to at least 3 feet (1 m) below final ground elevation and/or final pavement surface.
Any retained portion of an existing structure should not be damaged by construction operations.
Portions of existing structures and/or culvert structures not interfering with new construction will be removed to at least 3 feet (1 m) below the pavement surface within the limits of the roadbed, and elsewhere to an elevation of at least 12 inches (300 mm) below the finished grade.
Where existing culvert structures are to be extended or otherwise incorporated into the new work, only such portion of the existing structure will be removed as to provide a proper connection to the new work.
Salvaging, sawing when required, disposing of removed materials and backfilling with granular material are also included in this work.
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Documentation
Identifying, measuring and recording removal items on an IDR (or on Form 1122A) are very important. If the Contractor chooses to dispose of any material off the ROW and on private property, a copy of the Contractor's written permission from the property owner is required and will be filed with the Engineer. In no case (on or off ROW) will any wetland or flood plain be filled during the disposal of materials.
Demolition Contracts
There is no reference to this work in the Standard Specifications for Construction. Requirements for demolition work are usually detailed in contracts prepared by the Real Estate Support Area.
Demolitions contracts, in and of themselves, are not subject to the prevailing wage requirements of the Davis-Bacon and Related Acts, but such work performed as a part of a construction contract is clearly covered. PR 47's are not required on demolition contracts.
Types of Demolition Contracts
Negative bid contract - MDOT pays a Contractor for demolition work.
Positive bid contract - the Contractor pays MDOT for demolition work.
Requirements Before Demolition Work May Begin
It is preferred to complete demolition contracts before project certification due to significant cost and time savings. MDOT may advertise and award contracts for demolition before receiving possession of a parcel. However, MDOT must have possession of the parcel before any authorization for demolition work to begin may be given.
The Engineer must receive notification of possession and release recommendation from the Region Real Estate office or Lansing Real Estate Project Team before authorizing demolition work to begin on any parcel. All parcels should be cleared through the Region Real Estate office or the Lansing Real Estate Project Team office. No project certification is required before releasing a parcel for demolition work.
Wells
It is important that inspectors make certain demolition Contractors have fulfilled their responsibility of grouting and sealing wells encountered during demolition to avoid additional costs during later highway construction. Special attention should be paid to the contract specifications for sealing and grouting wells.
UST’s
Buried underground storage tanks encountered during demolition projects are to be taken care of in the same manner as those found during construction contracts, using either the Upper Peninsula or Lower Peninsula underground storage tank (UST) removal contract that has been established. Refer to Section 210, of this manual, under UST Removal Contracts, for procedures to be followed when tanks are found.
Site Clearing (Form RE-18)
Form RE-18 - Site Clearing is used to notify the Region real estate agent of a satisfactory site cleanup. See Figure 204-1.
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CONTROL SECTION NO. |
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LOCATION
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The bidder will remove basement walls to the basement floor level, remove all masonry and other debris from the site and fill the basement to ground level with earth containing not more than 2 percent fieldstone in excess of 6 inches (150 mm) in diameter. | ||
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The bidder will remove basement walls and all masonry to ground level, remove all combustible materials and debris from site; however, bidder may deposit noncombustible masonry in the excavation to a depth which is not less than 2 feet (600 mm) below grade level, and complete filling the excavation with earth containing not more than 2 percent fieldstone in excess of 6 inches (150 mm) in diameter. | ||
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The bidder will remove basement walls to basement floor level, remove all masonry and other debris from the site and fill excavation from existing soil to a 1 on 2 back slope [1 foot (300 mm) vertical and 2 feet (600 mm) horizontal]. | ||
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Walls to be removed to ground level and debris removed from site. No further grading is necessary. See Form 665. | ||
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Well to be grouted in accordance with specifications attached to Notice to Public. | ||
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Septic tank to be pumped out and removed. | ||
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Site to be seeded and mulched in accordance with specifications attached to Notice to Public. | ||
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12 inch (300 mm) layer method. | ||
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Performance bond, site clearance deposit or sums withheld pending satisfactory cleanup of site may be returned. | ||||
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