709 - Timber Sturctures - Revision history

Greenes2: /* MATERIALS */

2014-04-09T13:03:07Z

MATERIALS

Greenes2: /* CONSTRUCTION */

2014-04-09T12:54:40Z

CONSTRUCTION

Greenes2: /* GENERAL */

2014-04-09T12:50:54Z

GENERAL

Greenes2: /* GENERAL */

2014-04-09T12:46:26Z

GENERAL

Rinarda at 13:49, 24 July 2013

2013-07-24T13:49:59Z

Rinarda at 18:35, 25 June 2013

2013-06-25T18:35:07Z

Rinarda at 14:48, 11 June 2013

2013-06-11T14:48:02Z

Greenes2: Created page with "709 - Timber Sturctures - Reserved -"

2013-05-28T13:11:25Z

Created page with "709 - Timber Sturctures - Reserved -"

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709 - Timber Sturctures

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 ==[[#MATERIALS|MATERIALS]]==
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+Treated lumber to be incorporated in the structure will be inspected at the fabrication plant by independent commercial inspection agencies.  Ensure Certificates of Compliance, inspection reports and preservative treatment reports accompany each shipment of treated lumber. Until these documents are received, treated lumber should not be incorporated into the work and any use of such material is considered unauthorized work.
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+Thorough inspection and erection in conformance with plans, special provisions, and specifications is required.  The following items should be reviewed:
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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 9 April 2014
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	[[File:Fig709-01.png\|600px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Timber and Lumber Terminology (http://timber.ce.wsu.edu/Supplements/Production/grading.htm)]]		[[File:Fig709-01.png\|600px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Timber and Lumber Terminology (http://timber.ce.wsu.edu/Supplements/Production/grading.htm)]]
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		+	Refer to: ASTM D9, Standard Terminology Relating to Wood, for definitions of additional terms relating to wood and wood preservation. Species and grading requirements for structural timber and lumber are given in [http://mdotcf.state.mi.us/public/specbook/files/2012/912%20Timber%20and%20Lumber.pdf section 912] of the Standard Specifications for Construction. Rules for grading are established by the U.S. Department of Commerce and maintained by the American Lumber Standards Committee. The highest grade is dense select structural, followed by dense No. 1, No. 1, and No. 2. See Figure 2 for typical grading marks.
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		+	[[File:Fig709-02.png\|600px\|thumbnail\|center\|Typical lumber grade marks. (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97winter/p97wi32.cfm)]]
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		+	Modern construction of timber bridges utilizes glulam (glued-laminated) for structural members. Glulam is an engineered, stress-rated product, consisting of selected and prepared layers of lumber that are bonded on their wide faces with waterproof structural adhesive. By assembling layers, or laminates, of different graded lumber, glulam composite members can be consistently manufactured . Construction of timber structures are not affected by inclement weather conditions such as rain and cold, and usually can be accomplished without the use of heavy equipment and highly skilled labor.
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		+	Beam type systems are the simplest type of timber bridge. Most consist of a series of longitudinal beams supported by piers and abutments. Typically spans can range from 10 to 20 feet depending on the beam type. Timber beam systems include sawn lumber and glulam lumber beams. Most beam type superstructures consist of sawn lumber 4 to 8 inches wide and 12 to 18 inches deep, spaced 3 feet or less apart. The deck is made from transverse timber planks. An overlay is typically not placed due to cracking from differential deflection.
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		+	Modern timber bridge construction utilizes longitudinal deck superstructures, consisting of glulam lumber panels nail or stress laminated together to form a rigid deck system. The wearing surface typically is hot mixed asphalt. The panels are typically between 8 and 16 inches. deep. This structure type can be used for clear spans up to 30 feet. See figure 3 for typical details of a stress laminated deck system.
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		+	[[File:Fig709-03.png\|600px\|thumbnail\|center\|stress laminated deck system showing typical components (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-125)]]
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		+	Treated lumber is highly resistant to decay, rot, and attack by insects. Properly treated and constructed timber structures can be expected to provide a design life of 50 years or more, and should be erected with this in mind.
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 <center><span STYLE="font: 40pt arial;">'''Timber Structures'''</span></center>
-<center>[https://mdotjboss.state.mi.us/SpecProv/getDocumentById.htm?docGuid=1a67ade0-9351-4213-aea9-408541803794&fileName=%22709%20Timber%20Structures.pdf%22 2012 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 709]</center>
+<center>[http://mdotcf.state.mi.us/public/specbook/files/2012/709%20Timber%20Structures.pdf 2012 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 709]</center>
 ==[[#GENERAL|GENERAL]]==
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+Structural timber and lumber consist of relatively strong and lightweight materials capable of supporting short-term overloads without sustaining permanent structural damage.  Structural timber and lumber elements are used in formwork, temporary structures, sign supports, highway safety appurtenances, and bridges.
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 <center><span STYLE="font: 40pt arial;">'''Timber Structures'''</span></center>
-<center>[http://mdotcf.state.mi.us/public/specbook/files/2012/709%20Timber%20Structures.pdf 2012 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 709]</center>
+<center>[https://mdotjboss.state.mi.us/SpecProv/getDocumentById.htm?docGuid=1a67ade0-9351-4213-aea9-408541803794&fileName=%22709%20Timber%20Structures.pdf%22 2012 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 709]</center>
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+==[[#GENERAL|GENERAL]]==
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-==MATERIALS==
+==[[#MATERIALS|MATERIALS]]==
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-==CONSTRUCTION==
+==[[#CONSTRUCTION|CONSTRUCTION]]==
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-==MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT==
+==[[#MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT|MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]]==
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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 11 June 2013
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−	~~709 - Timber Sturctures~~

−	- Reserved -	+	<center><span STYLE="font: 60pt arial;">'''709'''</span></center>
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		+	<center><span STYLE="font: 40pt arial;">'''Timber Structures'''</span></center>
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		+	<center>[http://mdotcf.state.mi.us/public/specbook/files/2012/709%20Timber%20Structures.pdf 2012 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 709]</center>
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		+	==GENERAL==
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		+	<span style="color: red"> -Reserved- </span>
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		+	==MATERIALS==
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		+	<span style="color: red"> -Reserved- </span>
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		+	==CONSTRUCTION==
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		+	<span style="color: red"> -Reserved- </span>
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		+	==MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT==
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		+	<span style="color: red"> -Reserved- </span>