402 - Storm Sewers - Revision history

Clarkj25: /* General Overview */

2025-12-10T19:12:38Z

General Overview

Clarkj25: /* GENERAL DESCRIPTION */

2025-12-10T19:08:37Z

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Clarkj25: /* GENERAL DESCRIPTION */

2025-12-10T15:11:18Z

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Clarkj25: /* GENERAL DESCRIPTION */

2025-12-10T15:02:37Z

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Jhudson-fishbeck at 17:45, 15 October 2025

2025-10-15T17:45:14Z

Jhudson-fishbeck: /* Pipe Placement */

2025-10-14T12:46:05Z

Pipe Placement

Jhudson-fishbeck: /* Trench Excavation */

2025-10-14T12:42:03Z

Trench Excavation

Jhudson-fishbeck: /* Trench Excavation */

2025-10-14T12:41:13Z

Trench Excavation

Jhudson-fishbeck: /* PRECONSTRUCTION */

2025-10-14T12:35:49Z

PRECONSTRUCTION

Jhudson-fishbeck: /* Pictures of Equipment */

2025-10-13T20:00:54Z

Pictures of Equipment

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 # '''Inlet:''' Inlets are typically catch basins with grates to permit water to enter into the system. The grates serve to prevent large objects from entering while facilitating the entry of water and sediment. Catch basins, which have a diameter measuring in inches, allow water to descend into the storm sewer for downstream conveyance. Some catch basins are designed with a sump below the pipe elevation, aiding in sediment settlement to prevent its entry into a body of water.
 # '''Pipe:''' Pipe is the conduit responsible for transporting water to the outlet. Project documents specify the size and class of the pipes.
-# '''Outlet:''' Outlets serve as the endpoint of the storm sewer system pipe. The outlet discharges water to a body of water or basin.
+# '''Outlet:''' Outlets serve as the endpoint of the storm sewer system pipe.
 {|

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 '''Outfall:''' An outfall is the outlet where a storm sewer discharges water to a body of water or basin.
-'''Wet Detention (Retention Pond):''' A wet detention pond is a permanent storage area for excess stormwater runoff. Excess stormwater is collected in the retention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the wet detention pond, which is used for filtering the stormwater as it travels through the pond. Retention ponds can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.  Wet detention areas were often formerly referred to as "Retention Ponds".
+'''Wet Detention (Retention Pond):''' A wet detention pond is a permanent storage area for excess stormwater runoff. Excess stormwater is collected in the wet detention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the wet detention pond, which is used for filtering the stormwater as it travels through the pond. Wet detention areas can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.  Wet detention areas were often formerly referred to as "Retention Ponds".
 '''Runoff:''' Runoff is drainage that leaves an area as surface flow and enters a storm sewer system.

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 '''Outfall:''' An outfall is the outlet where a storm sewer discharges water to a body of water or basin.
-'''Retention Pond:''' A retention pond is a permanent storage area for excess stormwater runoff. Excess stormwater is collected in the retention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the retention pond, which is used for filtering the stormwater as it travels through the pond. Retention ponds can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.
+'''Wet Detention (Retention Pond):''' A wet detention pond is a permanent storage area for excess stormwater runoff. Excess stormwater is collected in the retention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the wet detention pond, which is used for filtering the stormwater as it travels through the pond. Retention ponds can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.  Wet detention areas were often formerly referred to as "Retention Ponds".
 '''Runoff:''' Runoff is drainage that leaves an area as surface flow and enters a storm sewer system.

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 '''Curb and Gutter:''' Curb and gutter is the edge of the paved roadway that collects water and is designed to drain to a catch basins, downspouts, and spillways.
-'''Detention Pond:''' A detention pond is a temporary storage area that is engineered to control storm water. Excess storm water is collected within a detention pond during heavy rain events to help mitigate flooding and erosion downstream. A detention pond typically dries out between rain events.
+'''Detention Pond:''' A detention pond is a temporary storage area that is engineered to control stormwater. Excess stormwater is collected within a detention pond during heavy rain events to help mitigate flooding and erosion downstream. A detention pond typically dries out between rain events.
 '''Outfall:''' An outfall is the outlet where a storm sewer discharges water to a body of water or basin.
-'''Retention Pond:''' A retention pond is a permanent storage area for excess storm water runoff. Excess storm water is collected in the retention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the retention pond, which is used for filtering the storm water as it travels through the pond. Retention ponds can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.
+'''Retention Pond:''' A retention pond is a permanent storage area for excess stormwater runoff. Excess stormwater is collected in the retention pond aiding in the control of erosion. Often, there is a weir or another filtration system within the retention pond, which is used for filtering the stormwater as it travels through the pond. Retention ponds can serve as artificial wetlands for the surrounding area increasing biodiversity.
 '''Runoff:''' Runoff is drainage that leaves an area as surface flow and enters a storm sewer system.
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 '''Storm Sewer System:''' A storm sewer system is a network of underground pipes designed to collect and discharge water.
-'''Sump:''' A sump is the lower portion of a catch basin below the outlet pipe that is used to settle out debris and suspended material prior to storm water exiting the catch basin.
+'''Sump:''' A sump is the lower portion of a catch basin below the outlet pipe that is used to settle out debris and suspended material prior to stormwater exiting the catch basin.
 '''Watershed:''' A watershed is an area of land that drains to a specific point.

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401 (1).jpg|200px|thumb|center|Elliptical Pipe Installation at a Drainage Structure]]
+| [[File:401 (1).jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Elliptical Pipe Installation at a Drainage Structure''']]
 |}
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-001.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Parts of a Pipe]]
+| [[File:401-001.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Parts of a Pipe''']]
 |}
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-002.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Pipe Identification Markings]] || [[File:401-003.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Pipe Manufacturer Classification]]
+| [[File:401-002.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Pipe Identification Markings''']] || [[File:401-003.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Concrete Sewer Pipe Manufacturer Classification''']]
 |}
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-004.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Example of Pipe Gasket Seal Lubricant]] || [[File:401-005.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Pipe with Rubber Gasket]]
+| [[File:401-004.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Example of Pipe Gasket Seal Lubricant''']] || [[File:401-005.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Concrete Sewer Pipe with Rubber Gasket''']]
 |}
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-7.jpg||200px|thumb|center|Polypropylene Storm Sewer Pipe]]
+| [[File:401-7.jpg||200px|thumb|center|'''Polypropylene Storm Sewer Pipe''']]
 |}
@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-006.jpg||200px|thumb|center|Damaged Polymer-Coated CSP]]
+| [[File:401-006.jpg||200px|thumb|center|'''Damaged Polymer-Coated CSP''']]
 |}
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:208-009.jpg|200px|thumb|center|34R Aggregate]]|| [[File:208-011.jpg|200px|thumb|center|46G Aggregate]]||
+| [[File:208-009.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''34R Aggregate''']]|| [[File:208-011.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''46G Aggregate''']]||
-[[File:401-012.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Class II Sand]]
+[[File:401-012.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Class II Sand''']]
 |}
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-013.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Excavator with Plate Compactor Attachment (Ho-Pac)]] || [[File:401-014.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Pipe Laser]] || [[File:Bulldozer-2.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Bulldozer]]|| [[File:Laser transit.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Laser Transit]]
+| [[File:401-013.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Excavator with Plate Compactor Attachment (Ho-Pac)''']] || [[File:401-014.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Pipe Laser''']] || [[File:Bulldozer-2.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Bulldozer''']]|| [[File:Laser transit.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Laser Transit''']]
 |-
-| [[File:401-017.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Portable Concrete Mixer]]|| [[File:401-018.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Plate Compactor]]|| [[File:401-019.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Jumping Jack Compactor]]|| [[File:Cutoff-saws.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Cutoff Saws]]
+| [[File:401-017.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Portable Concrete Mixer''']]|| [[File:401-018.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Plate Compactor''']]|| [[File:401-019.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Jumping Jack Compactor''']]|| [[File:Cutoff-saws.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Cutoff Saws''']]
 |}
@@ Line 198: / Line 198: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:402-20.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Delivery of Storm Sewer Pipe]]
+| [[File:402-20.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Delivery of Storm Sewer Pipe''']]
 |}
@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-021.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Example Drawing of Anticipated Utility Conflict]]
+| [[File:401-021.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Example Drawing of Anticipated Utility Conflict''']]
 |}
@@ Line 261: / Line 261: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-023.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Sloping Requirements by Soil Type]]|| [[File:401-024.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Maximum Allowable Slope with Support System by Soil Type]]
+| [[File:401-023.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Sloping Requirements by Soil Type''']]|| [[File:401-024.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Maximum Allowable Slope with Support System by Soil Type''']]
 |-
-| [[File:Slope-graph.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Maximum Allowable Slope with Support System by Soil Type]]
+| [[File:Slope-graph.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Maximum Allowable Slope with Support System by Soil Type''']]
-|| [[File:401-026.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Maximum Allowable Slopes by Soil Type]]
+|| [[File:401-026.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Maximum Allowable Slopes by Soil Type''']]
 |}
@@ Line 280: / Line 280: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:402-26.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Trench Box being used to Install Storm Sewer]]
+| [[File:402-26.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Trench Box being used to Install Storm Sewer''']]
 |}
@@ Line 308: / Line 308: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:401-027.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Joint Types of CMP Pipe]]
+| [[File:401-027.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Joint Types of CMP Pipe''']]
 |}
@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:402-28.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Being Set in Trench Box]] || [[File:402-29.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Placement at Drainage Structure]]
+| [[File:402-28.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Concrete Sewer Being Set in Trench Box''']] || [[File:402-29.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Concrete Sewer Placement at Drainage Structure''']]
 |}
@@ Line 356: / Line 356: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:402-30.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Set on Granular Bedding with Fabric-Wrapped Joints]] || [[File:401-028.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Installation Procedure for O-Ring Gasket (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)]]|| [[File:401-029.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Installation Procedure for Type 4 Gaskets (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)]]
+| [[File:402-30.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Concrete Sewer Set on Granular Bedding with Fabric-Wrapped Joints''']] || [[File:401-028.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Installation Procedure for O-Ring Gasket (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)''']]|| [[File:401-029.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Installation Procedure for Type 4 Gaskets (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)''']]
 |}

@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
 The joints of CMP are different than the description above because there are no bells and spigots. The ends of the pipe sections are joined using couplers made of an open steel band that is passed around the joint and then secured with a bolted connection. To make the joint watertight, a gasket must be placed around the pipe between the coupler and the pipe. After the bolt(s) have been tightened on the coupler, the joint is wrapped, as described above, with geotextile blanket.
-[[File:401-027.jpg|500px]]
+{|
+|+
-''Joint Types of CMP Pipe''
+|-
 Elliptical concrete pipe should be installed with the lift holes on the top of the pipe. The manufacturer’s marks designating the top and bottom of the pipe should not be more than 5 degrees from the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe. After installation, the lift holes should be sealed with suitable concrete plugs and waterproofed.
@@ Line 343: / Line 345: @@
 |+
 |-
-| [[File:402-28.jpg|300px]] || [[File:402-29.jpg|300px]]
+| [[File:402-28.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Being Set in Trench Box]] || [[File:402-29.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Placement at Drainage Structure]]
 |}
@@ Line 353: / Line 353: @@
 Proper installation of the required rubber gaskets is crucial for performance and joint integrity of every RCP pipe segment and manhole. Equalization of each gasket, as well as proper utilization of the supplier-furnished/approved joint lubricant on the pipe joints, is necessary. The o-ring stretch can be equalized by running a smooth, round object (inserted between gasket and spigot) around the entire circumference three times. Installation methods may vary depending on the pipe/manhole supplier. Following are installation procedures for two common types of gaskets.
+{|
-[[File:402-30.jpg|300px]]
+|+
+|-
-''Concrete Sewer Set on Granular Bedding with Fabric-Wrapped Joints''
+| [[File:402-30.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Concrete Sewer Set on Granular Bedding with Fabric-Wrapped Joints]] || [[File:401-028.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Installation Procedure for O-Ring Gasket (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)]]|| [[File:401-029.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Installation Procedure for Type 4 Gaskets (Source: Press-Seal Corporation)]]
+|}
 === Backfilling ===

@@ Line 258: / Line 258: @@
 Following are various sloping requirements in accordance with OSHA regulations.
-[[File:401-023.jpg|500px]]
+{|
-''Sloping Requirements by Soil Type''
+|}
@@ Line 282: / Line 276: @@
 Where rock or unyielding hardpan is encountered in the storm sewer trench, it should be excavated to a minimum of 6 inches below the proposed bottom of the pipe, backfilled with granular material Class IIIA, and compacted. The [https://mdotjboss.state.mi.us/stdplan/getStandardPlanDocument.htm?docGuid=bb935b9c-de64-445f-bfe7-91d8e85e4f5b Standard Plan R-83 series] provides details for bedding and filling around storm sewers in various applications and should be strictly followed. Backfill should be thoroughly compacted under the haunches of the pipe to provide uniform bearing throughout.
-''Trench Box being used to Install Storm Sewer''
+{|
 === Dewatering ===

@@ Line 195: / Line 195: @@
 #** Including maintaining appropriate cover over the top of the pipe to minimize damage to the pipe from construction traffic.
-[[File:402-20.jpg|300px]]
+{|
 A review of the proposed sewer depth on the profile sheets should be compared to all known existing utilities that will be crossed, and any other proposed utilities and structures to be built, with attention paid to elevation conflicts. The size of the storm sewer must be considered. The plan invert elevation might not be in conflict, but the height of the pipe above the invert might be. Likewise, an elevation shot on “top” of an existing utility needs to consider the size of the utility below the top.
@@ Line 219: / Line 222: @@
 There is an elevation conflict between the proposed 12” storm sewer and the existing 6” gas main.
-''Example Drawing of Anticipated Utility Conflict''
+{|
 |}

@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 === Pictures of Equipment ===
-<gallery>
--013.jpg|''Excavator with Plate Compactor Attachment (Ho-Pac)''
+{|
--014.jpg|''Pipe Laser''
+|+
-Bulldozer-2.jpg|''Bulldozer''
+|-
-Laser transit.jpg|''Laser Transit''
+| [[File:401-013.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Excavator with Plate Compactor Attachment (Ho-Pac)]] || [[File:401-014.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Pipe Laser]] || [[File:Bulldozer-2.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Bulldozer]]|| [[File:Laser transit.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Laser Transit]]
--017.jpg|''Portable Concrete Mixer''
+|-
--018.jpg|''Plate Compactor''
+| [[File:401-017.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Portable Concrete Mixer]]|| [[File:401-018.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Plate Compactor]]|| [[File:401-019.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Jumping Jack Compactor]]|| [[File:Cutoff-saws.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Cutoff Saws]]
--019.jpg|''Jumping Jack Compactor''
+|}
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